In a typical organization “management” entails autopoiesis – a process that builds a closed purposeful system that seeks to perpetuate itself. Some self-sustaining processes seem necessary; however an organization today is surrounded by highly dynamic, competitive, and socially individualized systems, demanding behaviors only produced by an organization based on an open system. Autopoiesis does not produce such an open system, but Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) do, and CAS are therefore indispensible to organizational viability. Consequently, a balance must be struck between autopoiesis and the socialization that provides the context in which CAS emerge and flourish.
Learning Research Methods 